Suggestions originates from Robert Hoberman (individual communications). So it appears to be broadly associate of your Jewish languages regarding many other towns on the part also, together with Aqra and you may Rawanduz.
However, in this dialect there’s an extremely unusual transform regarding h to h regarding 3rd person singular possessive suffixes: resIh ‘his head’
Azerbaijan (Azer): The text of your own Jews out of Iranian Azerbaijan, along with teams from inside the Urmi, Salmas, Basqale, Mahabad, and Yuksekova. Data is regarding Garbell (1965).
Halabja (Hala): The language of one’s Jews off Halabja for the Iran-Iraq border. This is extremely near the Jewish dialects of almost every other metropolises of region, plus Saqqiz, Suleimaniya, Sanandaj, Baneh, and you can Panjwin. Guidance is inspired by my notes.
We are going to compare this type of dialects pertaining to twenty-five phonological, morphological, morpho-lexical, and you will lexical criteria. After the Hetzron (1976, 98), you will find picked simply designs as conditions getting group. We have selected good disproportionate quantity of morphological standards, therefore we should provide them with special lbs, once again following the Hetzron, however, most other shared designs would be regarded as better.
Mention plus the more complicated maintenance as well as installation out-of from inside the Koy Sanjaq advertised by the Hoberman (1985)
Once we evaluate the newest dialects from NENA we’re going to attempt to determine the extent that the brand new dialects display a distinct pattern hence is different from Turoyo and Mandaic. Meanwhile, we shall pick bundles of isoglosses in this NENA.
(1) Fret tends to be penultimate in most the newest NA languages, plus Turoyo and Mandaic but not in the three easternmost Jewish dialects, Jewish Azerbaijani, Koy Sanjaq, and you will Halabja, which often stress the past syllable. These languages appear, in this way, like in many others (Garbell 1965), to demonstrate an abnormally good influence out-of Kurdish.
(2) Most of the NENA dialects features blended h and x. In the Hertevin as a result, h, and you will every-where more it is x: Hertevin haye ‘life’ (Jastrow 1988, 189) and you can dmehli ‘I slept’ (Jastrow 1988, 18), Tkhuma xa:[Theta]an effective ‘new’, Jilu ptIxli ‘I opened’ (Fox 1992, 45), and you can +damxotu ‘you sleep’ (Fox 1992, 55).(4)
Both Turoyo and you can Mandaic hold separate h and x. Particular NENA languages features reintroduced h since a borrowing of Kurdish or Arabic otherwise off Traditional Syriac otherwise Hebrew.(5) But not, brand new handed down language consistently reveals x. Such as for instance, into the Tisqopa you will find borrowed Arabic conditions, such as sahabi ‘friend’, that have h, but passed on terms like laxma ‘bread’ continuously show x. (6)
(3) All NENA languages except Hertevin and Zakho have lost extremely days of passed down. Such as for example, inside Aradhin we find arba ‘four’, upra ‘earth’ equal to Syriac arb a beneficial and you can afra. For the Hertevin and in Zakho, handed down try regularly ?: Hertevin so?an excellent ‘seven’ (Jastrow 1988, 99), Zakho sme?los angeles ‘she heard’ (Meehan and you will Alon 1979, 189). In several almost every other languages some are preserved as ?, and you will, about others, is finished completely. Certain dialects provides reintroduced borrowed off Arabic or Kurdish. Including, Halabja enjoys ayza ‘good’.
(4) When you look at the prior to dialects away from Aramaic, as in Tiberian Hebrew, t turned into [Theta] after an excellent vowel. So it alternation has been lexicalized within the NENA, having possibly t otherwise [Theta] distributed as a consequence of entire paradigms, whether or not preceded by the an effective vowel or otherwise not. Including, inside Aradhin the fresh verb ‘come’ presently has [Theta] throughout: a[Theta]ya ‘it (fem.) comes’, and also [Theta]e:los angeles ‘she came’ (Krotkoff 1982, 70, 74). Further, in a number of languages the phoneme [Theta] has actually been through even more transform. In certain languages [Theta] features blended to t, along with other people it’s become s if not l.(7) In one single dialect, Jilu, it’s become h following already been removed but during the beginning of a word. The 3 easternmost Jewish languages display the fresh new alarming move brazilcupid ücretsiz uygulama out-of [Theta] to just one. The results ones change is seen in the word ‘house’ and this looks in different languages since the feel:[Thetan effective]a great (Tkhuma), biya (Jilu), beta (Hertevin), bela (Halabja), and you will besa (Sanandaj Christian).
